Lateran Church - most important places - 4th Lateran Council (1215)
Lateran Church
Tomb of Martin V
Central feature of the bishop of Rome
Restored the schism - Conciliarism: pope answer to a council
Papal Schism
Renegade popes
Papal infalibility
Forerunners to the Reformation (Wickliffe and Hus)
The Great Schism
Byzantine Schism 1504
Papal Schism 1387-1415 of the Middle Ages
End of Schism
Gregory XI (1387)
Papacy back to Rome
Dies
Cardinals more French
Italian Demands - elect another Italian pope
Urban VI - elected under duress
Cardinals unhappy
Anger - abuse of cardinals
French cardinals rescinded their vote (overturned the votes)
Clement VII - elected privately
Moved back to Avignon
Schism
How do you determine who is the true pope/anipope?
Holy Roman Empire vs France
Crisis of leadership
Disputation over leadership
Wait for either / both popes died
Wait for shift alliegance
1394 - Urban VI died - elected Boniface IX
French elected Benedict XIII
Conciliarism - council is the final court of apeal
Pope was not the final authority in Rome
Jean Gerson (Canchellor of University of Paris, Sorbonne). Need a council to solve the problem of the schism
William of Ockam - Franciscans - poperty - anti-pope. Wage war because an antipope wage war against the Franciscan Order. Recinds another pope’s stance on poverty
Not papacy but Body that has power
Papacy must subject to Church
Pope can err
Marsilus of Padua
more concerned with power - forerunner - Church is infallible
Defensor Pacis - Christ is Head of Church and not papacy. Church is infallible in some way, but people, body of Christ is infallible. Council is infallible
Council of Pisa (1409)
Concil of Constance - deposed both popes - elected Alexander dies
John XXIII - not a good man, low moral quality - none of the rulers backed
Made it worse
Moved to Pisa as the 3rd pope
Sigismund - Holy Roman Emperor
Demands John XXIII call a council
Council of Constance 1414-1418
Power on his side, has enough enough Italian cardinals
Each country would have a single vote
John XXIII flees and call council out of order
Jean Gerson delivered the sermon called for healing fo the church
Elects Martin V (1417) - Deposed 3 popes
Frequens (decree from Constance)
Meets once ever 10 years the council should meet
Martin V reluctantly signs it
Papal power vs conciliar power
Papacy wins
Power became preeminent
Martin Luther
Response from papacy was authoritarian
Reads Luther was another marverick from the conciliarism
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